2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。小编为您整理职称英语卫生类教材中阅读判断部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on1 all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.

In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness —that is, make a diagnosis2. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated3 by the physician in making his diagnosis.

Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy4. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.

In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention5. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease6. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens — to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs7. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health — physical and mental.

词汇：

marked 显着的 syndrome 综合征，症候群

symptom 症候，症状 therapy 疗法，治疗 sign 病体;体征

注释：

1.carry sth. on：继续;进行;维持下去

2.make a diagnosis：做出诊断

3....the results evaluated…：此句中在evaluated之前省略了与前面are performed相同的助动词are。

4.also referred to as therapy：也被称为疗法(过去分词短语作a course of treatment的定语)refer to...：谈及，提及

refer to sth. /sb. as...：把……称为……

例如：Don’t refer to the matter again.不要再提这件事了。

We refer to such a science as physiology.我们把这样一门科学称为生理学。

Don’t refer to your brother as a silly cow.不要把你兄弟说成是头笨牛。

5.have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention：在预防方面承担越来越多的责任take sth. on：承担，接受

You have taken on too much.你承担的工作太多了。

6.to cure a patient of an existing disease：治疗病人的现有疾病cure sb. of...：给某人治疗(或治愈)某病

例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.此药准能治好你的感冒。

7.ranging from... health programs：从国际这一级的世界卫生组织一直到下面地区的私人和社区医疗机构(现在分词短语作状语)

range from... to...：从……到……的范围(分布或变动)

The children’s ages range from 5 to 15.这些孩子小的5岁，大的15岁。

Its prices range from twenty to thirty dollars.价钱从20美元到30美元不等。

练习：

1.By disease it means the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2.A syndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3.The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4.Because nurses can observe patients closely, they have the authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5.Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6.An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been established in every country all over the world.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7.Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients’ physical disease than their mental illness.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

答案与题解：

1.A第一段第一句说疾病就是身体的一部分或全部不能正常调节或不能维持其应有功能的不正常状态。本题正是这个意思，只是换了一种表达方式而已，故是正确的。

2.A第二段第四句和第五句说，有时一组典型的体征或症状伴随着某一疾病，这样的一组体征或症状就称为综合征。本句也是这个意思。句中complex意为“综合体，综合事物”，typical of意为“……所特有的，典型的”。故本题也应是正确的。

3.B第二段最后一句说“医生在做出诊断时经常都要做某些实验室检查并对检查结果进行评估”，而本题却说“在任何情况下诊断辅助手段对医生诊断疾病都是必不可少的”，这显然是错误的。

4.B第三段第一句要求护士“把这些信息报告给医生”，该段最后一句还说“许多治疗措施是在医生指示下由护士去执行”，因此本题所说的“不管病人发生什么危急情况都有权处理”，显然应是错误的。

5.A第四段第二句、第三句说“贯穿大部分医学史，医生都是治疗病人的现有疾病。不过现代预防理论却寻求制止疾病于未然，即通过促进健康使人们不得病”，故本题说“现代医学比传统医学更重视疾病的预防”是正确的。

6.C第四段第四句只说到从国际级的世界卫生组织一直到地方社区的医疗机构构成了一个庞大的卫生机构，但是没有说每个国家都已建立有效的防治体系，故本题应是没有提到的。

7.C文章最后一句说在教育每个病人保持全面健康，即身心的健康方面，医护行业将要承担更多的责任。至于医生是更愿意治疗躯体疾病还是精神心理性疾病根本就没有提及。

译文：生病、诊断、治疗与预防

所谓生病，即部分或整个身体不能够正常调节，或不能够维持应有的功能。疾病的程度及其对人体的影响存在着明显的差异。

为了治疗疾病，医生当然首先要给疾病定性，即诊断。诊断是基于一系列症状所作出的结论。医生必须通晓症状，即病人所感受到的自身功能的变化;且了解体征(也称客观症状)，这些是医生可以亲身观察到的。有时一组典型的体征(或症状)伴随着某一疾病。这样的一组体征(或症状)就叫做综合病症。医生在作出诊断时，经常都要做某些实验室检查，并对检查结果进行评估。

尽管护士不负责诊断，但是他们密切监视病人体征，鼓励病人讲述其本身情况及症状，而且将所得信息汇报给医生，在整个过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。一旦知道了患者的病情，医生就会确定疗程(也称为疗法)，其中许多治疗措施都是在医生指示下由护士去执行的。

近些年来，广大医生、护士以及其他保健工作者在预防方面承担着越来越多地责任。贯穿大部分医学史，医生都是治疗病人的现有疾病，但是现代的预防理论却寻求制止疾病于未然，即通过促进健康使人们不生病。为了这个目的，从国际级的世界卫生组织一直到地方社区的医疗机构构成了一个庞大的卫生机构。医护行业迅速增加的责任就是教育每个病人保持全面健康，即身体的和心理的健康。