2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。小编为您整理职称英语卫生类教材中补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear

Most people think of Beethoven's hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf.

This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. 1 . In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to create new forms and harmonies. Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf. They continue to"hear" music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played. 2 . He described a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months:" my former musical experiences began to play back to me. I couldn't differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. 2 After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to ' hear' music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods. "

How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both"out there" and at the same time within us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant. 3 . However, it might be possible to use the brain's remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.

When Michael Edgar first" switched on" his cochlear implant,the sound's he heard were not at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds. For example," The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once. "

The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with others. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices "coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection. " But when it came to his beloved music, the implant was of no help. 4 . He said," I play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added ' clarity' to hearing in my head. ''

Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can change their lives. 5 . Even the most amazing cochlear implants would have been useless to Beethoven as he composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.

词汇：

obstacle 障碍 fascinate 使着迷，使神魂颠倒

biographer 传记作者 accompaniment 伴奏

insistent 连续的 adversity 逆境;不幸

注释：

1.the triumph of will over adversity：the successful overcoming of difficulty through determination用意志力成功战胜不幸

2.I couldn’t differentiate between what I heard and real hearin9.我不能分辨我听到的和真实的声音有什么不同。

3.Cochlear implant：a device，surgically placed in the ear，that changes sounds into electric signals人工耳蜗;耳蜗植入

4.But when it came to his beloved music，the implant was of no help.但是，如果碰到钟爱的音乐，人工耳蜗没有任何帮助。(我不用人工耳蜗就能听出来)

5.The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added“clarity”to hearing in my head.由于我手指在钢琴上的飞动，我能感觉到琴键，因而使我听到的东西在脑海里更加清晰。

练习：

A No man-made device could replace the ability to hear.

B When he war, ted to appreciate music, Eagar played the piano.

C Still, as Michael Eagar discovered, when it comes to musical harmonies,heating is irrelevant.

D Michael Eagar, who died in 2003, became deaf at the age of 21.

E Beethoven produced his most wonderful works after he became deaf.

F Solomon argues that Beethoven's deafness "heightened" his achievement as a composer.

答案与题解：

1.F本段的开头讲：贝多芬的例子是一个意志力战胜耳聋的极好的例子。但是，他的传记作家Maynard Solomon却持不同的意见。贝多芬的耳聋不是一种灾难;相反，对他成为作曲家起到了促进作用。后一句解释了耳聋是如何使贝多芬更好地创作。

2.D该句是本段的开头，根据后一句：他描述了在三个月之内发生的奇妙的现象：我先前的音乐经历开始在我的脑海里回放。再有后一句的what I heard and real hearing可以判定D是恰当的。

3.A依据前一句：只有人工耳蜗才能使外部刺激和内心感知联系起来(耳聋的人通过人工耳蜗听到外部的声音)。人工耳蜗就是一种man.made device，后一句也是在讲人工耳蜗的功能。所以A是对的。

4.B依据后一句的play the piano呼应When he wanted to appreciate music，Eagar played the piano，可以断定答案为B。

5.c前一句讲人工耳蜗的作用：它能使耳聋的人听到声音，尽管不完美，但改变了他们的生活;Still表示转折，该句承上启下，虽然人工耳蜗能帮助耳聋的人，但谈到音乐的韵律时，听力是不相关的(听力不起作用)。所以后一句讲贝多芬在他生命的最后时刻创作第九交响乐时，无论多么完美的人工耳蜗对他来说都没有用。

译文：如何让失聪的人更容易听见

大多数人把贝多芬的听力受损看作是他作曲的障碍。然而，他的最有力量的作品正是在他人生的最后十年里创作出来的，那时他完全失聪。

这是最值得称道的用意志战胜不幸的案例之一，但是他的传记作家梅纳德·所罗门却持不同的观点。梅纳德认为，贝多芬的失聪“促进了他作为作曲家的成就，在他完全失聪的世界里，他能摆脱外在世界声音的干扰，自由地创作新的表现形式与和声。”

听力受损似乎不会影响失聪的音乐家的音乐才能。他们能继续“听见”音乐，与他们能真正听见音乐相比，他们“听”得同样准确，甚至更准确。

2003年去世的迈克尔·伊加，在他21岁时失聪。他曾经描绘过一幅发生在三个月内的迷人的事情：“我之前的音乐经历开始在脑中回放，我无法区别真正听到的和曾经听过的东西。许多年以后，听到这些回放，“听见”对我来说是新鲜的音乐，为我所有的情绪找到伴唱仍然是有所收益的。”

内心的感受?把外在刺激和内在感知相结合的最好的例子就是耳蜗植入。没有任何人工的装置能代替听觉能力，但是，利用大脑非凡的能力来理解植入物产生的电信号还是有可能的。

当迈克尔·伊加最先“开启”题的人工耳蜗时，他听到的声音一点都不清楚。经过艰苦的努力，他渐渐地开始辨认出日常的声音，比如他说道“持续的电话响声几乎是立刻就变得清晰了。”

耳蜗植入最主要的目的就是能够与人交流。当人们与伊加交谈时，他能听到他们的声音“像是从接触不良的长途电话中传来的”。但是当听他钟爱的音乐时，耳蜗植入就毫无用处。每当伊加想要欣赏音乐时，他就开始弹钢琴。他说“我像往常那样弹奏钢琴，同一时间在头脑中就听见它。我手指的移动以及对琴键的感觉使得头脑中听到的声音更加“清晰”。

耳蜗植入让耳聪的人以一种不完美的方式再次听见声音，但是它改变了他们的生活。尽管如此，正如迈克尔·伊加发现的那样，当涉及到音乐和声时，听力就无关紧要了。甚至最完美的耳蜗植入对贝多芬在他生命的最后阶段创作第九交响曲也毫无用处。