Ⅰ.动词的种类

动词是指表示动作和状态的词。动词可分五种类型：及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、 助动词和情态动词。

1.及物动词

He is writing a letter.

I smell flowers.

2.不及物动词

We lived in London.

The window has opened.

3.系动词

He is a student.

That sounds good.

The child seems unhappy about it.

4.助动词

助动词通常有 be, do, have。如：

Do come in, please.

I don't feeling very well.

当be, do, have用作普通动词时，它们有一定的词汇意义。如：

I have one sister.

You can do it as you like.

5.情态助动词

情态动词表示说话人对所说的话的态度和看法。情态动词虽然本身有一定的意义，但不能单独构成动词词组。它必须与主动词一起构成动词词组。本文|由职业培训教育网独家整理。 

can, could

may, might

must

ought to

shall, should

will, would

dare, dared

need

如：

Can she speak Arabic?

It may well rain.

People shouldn't ill-treat animals.

Will you help me, please?

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Ⅱ.动词的时态

(一)动词的一般时

1.一般现在时

He goes to school by bike everyday.

The earth goes around the sun.

I think you are right.

用于一般现在时的时间状语有：

usually, sometimes, always, often, ever, never, once a week, now and then, from time to time等。

2.一般过去时

I wasn't in last night.

When he was a child, he often swam in the river.

3.一般将来时

一般和表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next month, next week等。如：

I'll go to see my grandmother next weekend.

(二)动词的完成时

1.现在完成时

(1)现在完成时由"have (has) + 动词的-ed分词"构成，表示到现在为止的一段时间内发生的情况或动作。本文|由职业培训教育网独家整理。如：

I have cut my finger.

I've always walked to school.

(2)动词的现在完成时也可以表示一个动作发生在过去，但一直延续到现在，并可能继续进行下去，这时常常与表示一段时间的状语连用。这类时间状语有for和since引导的短语等等。如：

I have studied English for four years.

He has lived in Shanghai since 1992.

2.过去完成时

By the end of the month Jack had collected more than a hundred foreign stamps.

I had whitewashed the room when he came back from abroad.

3.将来完成时

They'll have hit the year's target by the end of October.

By next month I will have studied German for just two years.

(三)动词的进行时

1.现在进行时

They are having military training these days.

I am waiting for the bus.

My grandmother is coming to see me next week.

She's coming tomorrow.

2.过去进行时

I was reading a novel when you came in.

3.将来进行时

I will be working in the department store at this time next week.

She will be telling you about it this afternoon.

(四)动词的完成进行时

1.现在完成进行时

She is ill. She's been lying in the bed for two weeks.

You've been saying that for five years.

2.过去完成进行时

He told me he had been writing the paper for one month.

3.将来完成进行时

I shall have been working here in this factory for eight years by the end of the year.

(五)动词的将来时

1.现在/一般将来时

They'll finish the job ahead of time.

They will be moving to a new flat soon.

2.过去将来时

She said she would come back the next day.

Every evening they would talk with the teacher.