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Some sleep drugs do more than make you sleep

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.5 He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.

词汇：

disorder n. 障碍;紊乱;疾病

allergic adj. 变应性的，过敏性的

incident n. 偶发事件，小事件

representative n. 代表

crash v. (使)碰撞

lawmaker n. 立法者，制定法律者(尤指立法委员或议员)

sickness n. 疾病;恶心，呕吐

stomach n. 胃

sleepiness n. 昏昏欲睡

document vt. 根据…事实材料制作

注释：

1.United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)：美国食品及药品管理局

2.United States Congress：美国国会

3.Rhode Island：罗得岛(美国州名)

4.New York Times：纽约时报

5.But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. 不过，他也说道，可能实际病例要比报导的多。 请注意本句中than的用法。than后面连接了一个句子，可是却没有主语，学术界对此有两种说法：一种认为than是关系代词，它本身在从句中作一个句子成分;另一种则认为than仍为连接词，后面省略了句子的适当成分。请看类似的句子：

You spent more money than was intended to be spent. 你花去的钱比预计的多。

(请比较：You spent the money that was intended.)

练习

1.There are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the United States.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2. FDA considers it the producers’ duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3. An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4. A stomach sickness drug alone caused Patrick Kennedy to crash his car into a security barrier.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5. FDA based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6. Sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7. The appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

答案与解析：

1. 分析文章标题：Some sleep drugs(安眠药) do more than(比...多) make(使) you sleep(入睡)

文章主题涉及对安眠药作用的讨论

2.直接解题：

1.There are (有)altogether(总共) 13 drugs treating(治疗) sleep disorders(紊乱， 混乱) in the United States(在美国).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

1.C. 细节题。利用特征结构the United States/美国和13 drugs(13种药)作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：

The United States Food(食品) and Drug(药品) Administration(美国食品及药品管理局)has ordered(命令) companies(公司) to place(放置)strong (强烈的/强大的)new warnings(警告) on thirteen drugs that treat(治疗) sleep disorder(紊乱， 混乱). It also ordered(命令) the makers (制造商)of the sleeping pills(安眠药)to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last(最近的， 最后的) Wednesday(星期三), the FDA(美国食品及药品管理局)announced (宣布)that some of(一些) these drugs can have unexpected(意想不到的) and dangerous (危险的)effects(影响). These include (包括)the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include (他们也包括)rare incidents of strange behavior. These include (这些包括)people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

通过以上分析可以看出文章中只提到FDA命令制药公司在13种安眠药上贴上语气坚定的新警告语，但是没有提到这13种是不是包括了美国的所有的安眠药。

2. FDA considers (认为， 考虑)it the producers’(生产厂家的) duty(责任) to warn(警告某人...) the users(使用者) of sleeping pills about the serious(严重的， 严肃的) side effects(副作用)and to tell(告诉) them how to use safely(安全地).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2.A细节题。利用问题句中的特征词FDA 和细节信息词producers, side effects共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings(warn的家族词汇) on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers (producer的近义词)of the sleeping pills(安眠药) to provide (提供)information(信息) for patients (病人)explaining(解释) how to safely(安全地) use the drugs(药品).

FDA命令制药商贴新警告语并指导病人如何安全用药，自然就认为这是制药商不可推卸的责任。

3. An allergic (过敏的)reaction to (对...的反应)sleeping pills(安眠药丸) may sometimes(有时) cause(造成) a user to die(死去).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3.A. 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词allergic reaction 作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

(第2段) Last Wednesday, the FDA announced(宣布) that some of these drugs can have unexpected(意想之外的) and dangerous(危险的) effects. These include the risk of life-threatening(威协生命的) allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

第二段第一、二句说到，其中有些药物具有意外的危险作用，包括威胁生命的过敏反应。既然威胁到生命，那有时就可能引起死亡。

4. A stomach(胃) sickness(疾病) drug(药) alone(仅仅， 独自地) caused(造成) Patrick Kennedy to crash(使碰撞) his car into a security(安全) barrier(栅栏).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4.B. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征词(Patrick Kennedy)， 和细节信息词(stomach sickness drug，security barrier )共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near(在...附近) the building where lawmakers(立法人员) meet(见面). The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier (更早的时候)taken (曾经)a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with (被用...进行治疗)a stomach sickness drug that can cause(造成) sleepiness(想睡).

第三段最后一句说明他服用安眠药的同时也服用治呕吐的药，故不是单纯后一种药引起他的车祸。

5. FDA based(把...建立在...的基础之上)its order(命令) upon/on a wide(广泛的) investigation(调查) of sleep-driving(迷迷糊糊的开车).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5.C. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征词(FDA)， 和细节信息词(sleep-driving)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say (说)in its announcement(公告， 宣布) how many (多少)cases(例子) of sleep-driving it has documented(用文件证据证明). However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

第四段第一句说，FDA没有说它调查了多少迷迷糊糊开车的事例，因此它是否作过大量调查我们并不知道。

6. Sleep-walking(梦游病) is also one of the serious(严重的) side effects (副作用)induced by (由...引起的)taking sleeping pills.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6.A细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词(Sleep-walking)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times4 (纽约时报)reported (报告)last year (去年)about people who said they had strange(奇怪的) sleep events(事件)/ after(在...之后) taking(服用) the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving迷迷糊糊的开车的 and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

第四段尤其是其中的第三句说到，服用安眠药以后有人昏昏迷迷开车，有人梦游，因此梦游属于的副作用之一。，

7. The appearance(出现， 外貌) of one or another (一个或另一个)side effect(副作用) after(在...之后) taking(服用) some sleeping pill(安眠药) is unavoidable(不可避免的).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7.B细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词(side effect)和修饰词unavoidable作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

A Food and Drug Administration official (官员)says(说) that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to(看起来) be rare(是unavoidable 的反义词). But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.5 He said the agency(机构 believes(相信， 认为) the risk(风险) of such behaviors (行为)could be reduced (能够被减少)if people take the drugs as directed(按照被指示的) and do not drink(饮) alcohol(酒) while(在...的期间) taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.

最后一段说到，只要服安眠药时按说明书服用而且不喝酒，危险行为就会减少，因此副作用并不是不可避免。