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Who Built Giza’s Pyramids(金字塔)

1 For centuries, the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture. But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure. But archeologists(考古学家)recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids. Close by, there was also a cemetery(墓地)where pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners. Ordinary Egyptians built them.

2 It took about eighty years to build the pyramids. According to archeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task. The workers had different roles. Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked on different teams, each with its own name. On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote "Friends of Khufu." Teams often competed to do a job faster.

3 Life for these workers was hard. "We can see that in their skeletons(骨架),” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery. The bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎), which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time. Archeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to the men's. Their lives may have been even tougher: male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt.

4 The work was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work. "lt's because they were not just building the tomb of their king," says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a participant.”

23. Paragraph 1___A___

24. Paragraph 2___C___

25. Paragraph 3___D___

26. Paragraph 4___E___

A. Builders of the pyramids

B. Egyptian slaves

C. Pyramid builders' jobs

D. Pyramid builders' tough lives

E. An important national project

F. Female pyramid builders: the challenges

27. The pyramids of Giza were built ___F___

28. To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___C___

29. Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___B___

30. The pyramid builders were proud ___E___

A. of their king

B. from taking heavy things

C. on different teams

D. by foreigners

E. of their work

F. by ordinary Egyptians